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Monticello is Jefferson County's seat of government. It is located in the heart of "the other Florida," the Florida of rolling hills and stately oaks draped in wispy Spanish moss. Much of Monticello was developed in the 19th century. It's economy fell into decline in the 1930's. As a result it retains many stately turn-of-the-century homes and public buildings.

The First Presbyterian Church, rebuilt in 1868 following a fire, is an example of typical American style with a distinctly Southern flavor. It was built with bricks hauled from South Carolina by ox cart and has intricate interior detailing finished in native hardwoods. Monticello's old world charm and location 23 miles east of Florida's capital city of Tallahassee make it a popular bedroom community.

Monticello is in North West Florida. It's population as recorded in the 2010 Census was 2,506. Monticello is approximately 26 miles from Tallahassee (population 181,376) and around 43 miles from Quincy (population 7,972).

The median age for residents of Monticello is 42.6. Around 29.6% of Monticello households include school aged children and 31.2% of households include individuals aged 65 years or over. Census records indicate 43% of the Monticello population are White, 54.2% are Black or African American, 0% American Indian, .6% Asian and 1.1% are Two or more Races.

There are 1,213 housing units in Monticello. 186 (15.3%) of these were reported as vacant in the 2010 Census. There are 421 residential rental units in Monticello. 377 of them were occupied in 2010 providing a residential rental vacancy rate of 10%.